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Nested itemtype

HTML course · Advanced · Lesson 33/56

Use nested types like Person and Organization.

Nested types

Sometimes a property is not just text but another structured-data piece. An author is a person; a publisher is an organization. For these you use nested types.

You add itemscope and itemtype to the author span, then open an inner span with itemprop="name" for the name:

<span itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person">
  <span itemprop="name">Alex Carter</span>
</span>

Search engines then read the author's type and name together.

Person and Organization

The two most common nested types are Person and Organization. The first marks individuals, the second marks organizations.

In an article the author is usually a Person, the publisher an Organization. Both use a nested name property to carry the real name.

The outer property (e.g. author) carries itemprop, while the inner element opens a new scope with both itemscope and itemtype.

Exercise Turn the author span into a nested Person

Take the article from the previous step. Convert the <span itemprop="author"> element into a nested Person structure.

Add itemscope and itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" to the outer span. Place a new <span itemprop="name">Alex Carter</span> inside it and remove the plain text from the outer span.

Show example solution 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <title>Education in the AI Era</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <article itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Article" itemid="/articles/education-in-the-ai-era">
      <h1 itemprop="headline">Education in the AI Era</h1>
      <p>Published: <time itemprop="datePublished">2026-03-15</time></p>
      <p>Author: <span itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name">Alex Carter</span></span></p>
      <p>AI is reshaping the relationship between teacher and student in classrooms.</p>
    </article>
  </body>
</html>

Test yourself

  1. Which nested type is used for the author?

    <span itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="...">
    • https://schema.org/Article
    • https://schema.org/Organization
    • https://schema.org/Person
    • https://schema.org/WebPage
    Show answer

    https://schema.org/Person — Correct. The author is a person, so the Person type is used.

  2. Complete the Person type URL

    <span itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="____"><span itemprop="name">Alex</span></span>
    Show answer 
    <span itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name">Alex</span></span>

  3. Match each type with the entity it marks

    Person
    Individual/author
    Organization
    Org/publisher
    Article
    News/article
    WebPage
    Generic page

All lessons in Advanced

1 Advanced media

  1. Lazy loading
  2. Decoding async
  3. Srcset and sizes
  4. Width/height and CLS
  5. Preload and prefetch
  6. Summary - Performance gallery

2 Picture and responsive images

  1. Picture and source
  2. Media attribute
  3. Type attribute
  4. Aspect ratio
  5. Background vs img
  6. Summary - Responsive hero

3 Project: Video player

  1. Project: Accessible video player
  2. Video skeleton
  3. Track and captions
  4. Poster and preview
  5. Project final - Video player

4 Complex forms

  1. Form autocomplete
  2. Hidden input
  3. File upload
  4. Range and color
  5. Output and form events
  6. Summary - Settings panel

5 Metadata and SEO

  1. Meta description
  2. Open Graph
  3. Twitter card
  4. Canonical and hreflang
  5. Title and slug strategy
  6. Summary - SEO package

6 Project: Schema.org markup

  1. Project: Schema.org markup
  2. Itemtype and itemid
  3. Itemprop
  4. Nested itemtype
  5. Project final - Structured data

7 Web components HTML

  1. Template element
  2. Slot element
  3. Custom element names
  4. Shadow DOM skeleton
  5. Declarative shadow DOM
  6. Summary - Card template

8 Templates and partials

  1. Server-rendered vs client
  2. Partial HTML
  3. Data attributes
  4. Hydration hooks
  5. Noscript and progressive
  6. Summary - Component skeleton

9 Project: Dashboard widget

  1. Project: Dashboard widget
  2. Widget skeleton
  3. Visual data structure
  4. Template and slot
  5. Project final - Widget

10 Advanced final

  1. Challenge - Responsive image
  2. Challenge - Accessible video
  3. Challenge - Complex form
  4. Challenge - SEO and structured data
  5. Challenge - Advanced capstone