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Visual data structure

HTML course · Advanced · Lesson 49/56

Structure data with a table and figure.

Data rows with a table

To show top products in the sales panel we use a <table>. A table has three parts:

  • <thead>: header row
  • <tbody>: data rows
  • each row is a <tr>, each cell a <th> or <td>

Header cells use <th>, data cells use <td>; this lets screen readers announce the column name.

A figure for the KPI

A KPI (e.g. monthly revenue) is one number with a short label. We wrap it in a <figure> and label it with <figcaption>.

Figure carries a self-contained visual or numeric display; figcaption is its caption. This keeps the link between number and label semantic.

In a widget, figure and table work side by side: one summarizes, the other details.

Exercise Add a figure and a table inside the article

Take the widget shell from the previous lesson. Inside <article> first add a <figure>; it should contain a <figcaption> (content: Monthly revenue) and a <p> (content: $12,450).

Then, inside the same article, add a <table>. In <thead> put one <tr> with two <th> cells (Product, Sales). In <tbody> add at least two <tr> rows, each with two <td> cells (product name, units sold).

Show example solution 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <title>Sales Dashboard</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <section>
      <header>
        <h1>Sales Dashboard</h1>
      </header>
      <main>
        <article>
          <figure>
            <figcaption>Monthly revenue</figcaption>
            <p>$12,450</p>
          </figure>
          <table>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th>Product</th>
                <th>Sales</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Cotton t-shirt</td>
                <td>320</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Linen trousers</td>
                <td>184</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </article>
      </main>
    </section>
  </body>
</html>

Test yourself

  1. What's the best wrapper for a KPI card (e.g. 'Monthly revenue: $12,450')?

    • table — rows and columns
    • ul — list
    • figure — captioned visual/numeric display
    • nav — menu
    Show answer

    figure — captioned visual/numeric display — Correct! figure + figcaption fits a KPI; it shows label and number at a glance.

  2. Complete the table row

    <tr>
  <th>____</th>
  <td>Cotton t-shirt</td>
</tr>
    Show answer 
    <tr>
  <th>Product</th>
  <td>Cotton t-shirt</td>
</tr>

  3. Match each table tag to its role

    thead
    Table head
    tbody
    Table body
    tr
    Row
    th
    Header cell
    td
    Data cell

All lessons in Advanced

1 Advanced media

  1. Lazy loading
  2. Decoding async
  3. Srcset and sizes
  4. Width/height and CLS
  5. Preload and prefetch
  6. Summary - Performance gallery

2 Picture and responsive images

  1. Picture and source
  2. Media attribute
  3. Type attribute
  4. Aspect ratio
  5. Background vs img
  6. Summary - Responsive hero

3 Project: Video player

  1. Project: Accessible video player
  2. Video skeleton
  3. Track and captions
  4. Poster and preview
  5. Project final - Video player

4 Complex forms

  1. Form autocomplete
  2. Hidden input
  3. File upload
  4. Range and color
  5. Output and form events
  6. Summary - Settings panel

5 Metadata and SEO

  1. Meta description
  2. Open Graph
  3. Twitter card
  4. Canonical and hreflang
  5. Title and slug strategy
  6. Summary - SEO package

6 Project: Schema.org markup

  1. Project: Schema.org markup
  2. Itemtype and itemid
  3. Itemprop
  4. Nested itemtype
  5. Project final - Structured data

7 Web components HTML

  1. Template element
  2. Slot element
  3. Custom element names
  4. Shadow DOM skeleton
  5. Declarative shadow DOM
  6. Summary - Card template

8 Templates and partials

  1. Server-rendered vs client
  2. Partial HTML
  3. Data attributes
  4. Hydration hooks
  5. Noscript and progressive
  6. Summary - Component skeleton

9 Project: Dashboard widget

  1. Project: Dashboard widget
  2. Widget skeleton
  3. Visual data structure
  4. Template and slot
  5. Project final - Widget

10 Advanced final

  1. Challenge - Responsive image
  2. Challenge - Accessible video
  3. Challenge - Complex form
  4. Challenge - SEO and structured data
  5. Challenge - Advanced capstone