Logical operators

Learn boolean logic and short-circuit evaluation with &&, || and !.

Logical operators

To combine several conditions you use logical operators. && means and: when both sides are true the result is true. || means or: when at least one side is true the result is true. ! means not: it flips true to false.

For a ticketed adult viewer: const allowed = hasTicket && age >= 18;. Both conditions must hold.

Short-circuit evaluation

Logical operators are lazy. With &&, if the left side is false, the right side is never checked because the result is already decided. This is called short-circuit. With ||, if the left side is true, the right side is skipped.

This is handy for defaults: const name = input || "Guest";. If input is empty, name becomes "Guest" automatically.

Exercise Compute the access check

hasTicket and isAdult are already declared. Declare a canEnter variable and assign it the result of hasTicket && isAdult.

Show example solution

const hasTicket = true;
const isAdult = true;
// Access check
let canEnter = hasTicket && isAdult;

Test yourself

What is the result of true && false?
```
console.log(true && false);
```
- true
- undefined
- TypeError
- false
Show answer

false — Correct. && returns true only when both sides are true; one false is enough.

Write the NOT operator

const isActive = false;
const isPaused = ____isActive;
console.log(isPaused);

Show answer

const isActive = false;
const isPaused = !isActive;
console.log(isPaused);

Match the logical operator

&&

And
||

Or
!

Not

Next lesson: Operator precedence

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