Transferable objects

Learn to transfer large data to a worker without copying memory.

Transferable objects

Copying large data to a worker is expensive. Transferable objects move memory from one side to the other without copying; this is called zero-copy transfer.

The main transferable types are ArrayBuffer, MessagePort and ImageBitmap. After the transfer, the data is no longer usable on the sender side; ownership moves to the receiver. You cannot send the same buffer twice.

Transfer list detail

The second parameter of postMessage is a transfer list: an array of objects to move. Each item in this list is handed to the receiver without being copied.

worker.postMessage(buffer, [buffer]);

After the transfer, the buffer's byteLength becomes zero; the old reference is now an empty shell. Sending the same ArrayBuffer again throws a TypeError. Plan the transfer in one shot.

Exercise Transfer an ArrayBuffer

Create an ArrayBuffer named buffer (16 bytes). Then transfer ownership with worker.postMessage(buffer, [buffer]).

Show example solution

const buffer = new ArrayBuffer(16);
worker.postMessage(buffer, [buffer]);

Test yourself

What do transferable objects provide?
- Copy-free data transfer
- DOM access from a worker
- Variable sharing between two workers
- Automatic worker shutdown
Show answer

Copy-free data transfer — Correct! Transferable objects transfer ownership without copying memory.

Transfer the buffer

worker.postMessage(buffer, [____]);

Show answer

worker.postMessage(buffer, [buffer]);

Transferable matches

ArrayBuffer

transferable type
[buffer]

transfer list
zero-copy

copy-free transfer
byteLength = 0

after transfer

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