PHP
Accessing constants
Learn to access class constants from outside and inside with the :: operator.
Accessing constants with the :: operator
Class constants are accessed with the :: operator (scope resolution operator). From outside you write ClassName::CONSTANT.
Example: echo Circle::PI;. Here Circle is the class name, :: is the access operator, PI is the constant name. No $ sign is used.
To access from inside the class, use self::CONSTANT. self refers to the current class. Example: self::PI. This does not do late static binding like static::; it always refers to the defining class.
self:: and parent:: from inside the class
When you use a constant inside the class, write self::CONSTANT. self refers to the class that defines the method.
Example: in a Circle class, an area method uses the constant: return self::PI * $r * $r;. Here self::PI is the PI constant of the same class.
If you need to call a parent constant from a subclass, use parent::CONSTANT. parent:: refers to the parent class.
Exercise Circle class computing area with a constant
Define a Circle class with const float PI = 3.14;. Add public function area(float $r): float that does return self::PI * $r * $r. Then create $circle = new Circle() and print echo $circle->area(2) . "\n". (Expected output: 12.56)
Show example solution
float { return self::PI * $r * $r; } } then $circle = new Circle(); echo $circle->area(2) . "\n";
Example solution:
<?php
// Define a Circle class and add an area method
class Circle {
const float PI = 3.14;
public function area(float $r): float {
return self::PI * $r * $r;
}
}
$circle = new Circle();
echo $circle->area(2) . "
";
Test yourself
-
How do you access the PI constant of Circle from outside?
- Circle::PI
- $circle->PI
- Circle->PI
- $circle::PI
Show answer
Circle::PI — Correct. Circle::PI accesses the class constant from outside.
-
Access a constant from inside the class
class Circle {
const float PI = 3.14;
public function area(float $r): float {
return ____ * $r * $r;
}
}
Show answer
class Circle {
const float PI = 3.14;
public function area(float $r): float {
return self::PI * $r * $r;
}
}
-
Match the constant access forms
- Circle::PI
- From outside the class
- self::PI
- From inside the class
- parent::PI
- From the parent class
- static::PI
- Late binding (subclass)
Next lesson: Class name with ::class
