Creating arrays

Learn to create arrays with the array() and [] syntax.

What is an array?

An array is a way to store many values in a single variable. Instead of keeping three exam scores in separate variables, you can gather them in one array.

PHP creates arrays in two ways: with the array() function or with the [] short syntax. Modern PHP prefers []. For example, $scores = [85, 92, 78]; stores three scores in one array.

Indexed arrays

Each value in an array has an index. Values get indexes starting from 0 in the order they are added: the first element has index 0, the second 1, the third 2.

So in $scores = [85, 92, 78]; the index of 85 is 0, of 92 is 1 and of 78 is 2. Such arrays are called indexed arrays.

Exercise Print the first score

Define the $scores array with the values [85, 92, 78]. Then use echo to print the first score (index 0). Append "\n" at the end.

Show example solution

<?php
// Define the array and print the first score
$scores = [85, 92, 78];
echo $scores[0] . "\n";
Example solution:
<?php
// Define the array and print the first score
$scores = [85, 92, 78];
echo $scores[0] . "\n";

Test yourself

Which is a valid array definition?
- $scores = (85, 92, 78);
- $scores = [85, 92, 78];
- $scores = {85, 92, 78};
- $scores = 85, 92, 78;
Show answer

$scores = [85, 92, 78]; — Correct. The [] short syntax creates an array.
Complete the array definition
```
$scores = ____;
```
Show answer
```
$scores = [85, 92, 78];
```
Match each array concept

array()

Function-form array
[]

Short array syntax
[0]

Index of first element
85, 92, 78

Comma-separated values
After $scores = [10, 20, 30]; how many elements are in the array?
```
$scores = [10, 20, 30];
```
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
Show answer

3 — Correct. There are three comma-separated values: 10, 20 and 30.

Next lesson: Accessing array elements

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