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Project design

Design the beginner final skeleton.

Project: Grade calculator app

In this five-lesson beginner final you will build a grade calculator app that combines everything you have learned. In the first lesson you define a grades list and print it.

In later lessons you will add layers for appending new grades, computing the average, error handling and functions on top of this base. Each lesson adds one piece with a code step; the starting code includes the previous lesson's solution. This shows how a real app grows.

Practice Define and print the grades list

Assign [85, 90, 78] to grades. Then write print(grades).

Starter code

main.py
# Grade calculator - grades list
# define the grades list and print it

Sample solution

main.py
grades = [85, 90, 78]
print(grades)

Expected output

[85, 90, 78]

Next step: data model

The grades list is ready. In the next lesson you will add a data model layer on top: appending new grades with append. This layer will let you dynamically add new values to the grades list.

So the app can accept new grades while it runs. Each lesson adds a layer; the starting code carries the previous solution and you write only the new part. This shows how real apps grow layer by layer.

Questions and answers

Review the lesson questions together with their answers. To test yourself, solve the lesson interactively.

1 What will we compute in this project?

  • Age
  • Grade average Correct answer
  • Price
  • Distance

Explanation: We will compute the grade average in this project.

2 Complete the grades list

Question 
grades = ____
Answer 
grades = [85, 90, 78]

Explanation: [85, 90, 78] is a list with three grades.

3 Match project concepts

Term Meaning
grades Grade list
print Produces output
append Adds a grade
sum / len Average

All lessons in Beginner

1 Python basics

  1. What is Python?
  2. REPL and print
  3. Comments
  4. Indentation blocks
  5. python -c and scripts
  6. Summary - Python basics

2 Variables

  1. Variable assignment
  2. Multiple assignment
  3. Naming variables
  4. id and type
  5. Swapping variables
  6. Summary - Variables

3 Data types

  1. int and float
  2. bool
  3. str basics
  4. None
  5. Type conversion
  6. Summary - Data types

4 Project: Calculator

  1. Project design
  2. Add/subtract
  3. Multiply/divide
  4. Error handling
  5. Putting it together

5 Operators

  1. Arithmetic
  2. Comparison
  3. Logical
  4. Bitwise
  5. Membership and identity
  6. Summary - Operators

6 String basics

  1. f-string
  2. Concatenation
  3. str.format
  4. Raw strings
  5. Triple-quote
  6. Summary - String basics

7 Conditionals

  1. The if statement
  2. elif and else
  3. Nested if
  4. Truthiness
  5. Conditional expression
  6. Summary - Conditionals

8 Loops

  1. The for loop
  2. range
  3. The while loop
  4. break and continue
  5. Loop else
  6. Summary - Loops

9 Project: Shopping cart

  1. Cart design
  2. Adding items
  3. Calculating totals
  4. Updating quantity
  5. Putting it together

10 Lists

  1. Declaring lists
  2. Index and slice
  3. List methods
  4. in and count
  5. Sorting lists
  6. Summary - Lists

11 List comprehension

  1. Comprehension basics
  2. Filtered comprehension
  3. Dict and set comprehension
  4. Nested comprehension
  5. Generator expression
  6. Summary - List comprehension

12 Tuple, set and dict

  1. Tuple
  2. Set
  3. Dict basics
  4. Dict methods
  5. Dict comprehension
  6. Summary - Tuple, set and dict

13 Functions

  1. def
  2. return
  3. Docstring
  4. Default parameters
  5. *args and **kwargs
  6. Summary - Functions

14 Function parameters

  1. Positional parameters
  2. Keyword parameters
  3. Keyword-only
  4. Positional-only
  5. Type hints basics
  6. Summary - Function parameters

15 Project: To-do CLI

  1. Task model
  2. Adding tasks
  3. Listing tasks
  4. Completing tasks
  5. Putting it together

16 Advanced string methods

  1. split and join
  2. strip, lstrip, rstrip
  3. replace
  4. find and index
  5. startswith, endswith
  6. Summary - Advanced strings

17 Input and output

  1. input()
  2. int/float conversion
  3. print parameters
  4. f-string formatting
  5. sys.argv
  6. Summary - Input and output

18 Error handling

  1. try/except
  2. else and finally
  3. raise
  4. Exception hierarchy
  5. Custom exceptions
  6. Summary - Error handling

19 Modules

  1. import
  2. from import
  3. as alias
  4. __name__ == '__main__'
  5. Standard library
  6. Summary - Modules

20 Beginner final

  1. Project design
  2. Data model
  3. Business logic
  4. Error handling
  5. Putting it together