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import

Learn to load modules with import.

Load a module with import

The import keyword loads a module and makes its name available. Items inside the module are accessed with a dot:

import math
print(math.pi)        # 3.14159...
print(math.sqrt(16))  # 4.0

Here the math module is loaded; math.pi and math.sqrt are called with a dot. The module name acts like a namespace.

This is the fundamental way to organise reusable code.

What is a module

A module is a Python file (.py) containing functions and variables. When you import it, all items in that file become available:

# tools.py file
def merhaba():
    print("selam")

# another file
import tools
tools.merhaba()  # selam

Modules that Python itself provides (math, random, os) are called the standard library and require no installation.

Modules are the way to break large programs into parts.

Practice Square root with math.sqrt

Write import math. Then write print(math.sqrt(16)).

Starter code

main.py
# load the math module
# print the square root of 16

Sample solution

main.py
import math
print(math.sqrt(16))

Expected output

4.0

Questions and answers

Review the lesson questions together with their answers. To test yourself, solve the lesson interactively.

1 After import math, how is sqrt called?

  • math(sqrt(16))
  • sqrt(16)
  • import.sqrt(16)
  • math.sqrt(16) Correct answer

Explanation: import math loads the math namespace; sqrt is called as math.sqrt.

2 Complete the import keyword

Question 
____ math
print(math.pi)
Answer 
import math
print(math.pi)

Explanation: import math loads the math module.

3 Match import concepts

Term Meaning
import math Loads the module
math.pi Constant
math.sqrt Function
. (dot) Namespace access

All lessons in Beginner

1 Python basics

  1. What is Python?
  2. REPL and print
  3. Comments
  4. Indentation blocks
  5. python -c and scripts
  6. Summary - Python basics

2 Variables

  1. Variable assignment
  2. Multiple assignment
  3. Naming variables
  4. id and type
  5. Swapping variables
  6. Summary - Variables

3 Data types

  1. int and float
  2. bool
  3. str basics
  4. None
  5. Type conversion
  6. Summary - Data types

4 Project: Calculator

  1. Project design
  2. Add/subtract
  3. Multiply/divide
  4. Error handling
  5. Putting it together

5 Operators

  1. Arithmetic
  2. Comparison
  3. Logical
  4. Bitwise
  5. Membership and identity
  6. Summary - Operators

6 String basics

  1. f-string
  2. Concatenation
  3. str.format
  4. Raw strings
  5. Triple-quote
  6. Summary - String basics

7 Conditionals

  1. The if statement
  2. elif and else
  3. Nested if
  4. Truthiness
  5. Conditional expression
  6. Summary - Conditionals

8 Loops

  1. The for loop
  2. range
  3. The while loop
  4. break and continue
  5. Loop else
  6. Summary - Loops

9 Project: Shopping cart

  1. Cart design
  2. Adding items
  3. Calculating totals
  4. Updating quantity
  5. Putting it together

10 Lists

  1. Declaring lists
  2. Index and slice
  3. List methods
  4. in and count
  5. Sorting lists
  6. Summary - Lists

11 List comprehension

  1. Comprehension basics
  2. Filtered comprehension
  3. Dict and set comprehension
  4. Nested comprehension
  5. Generator expression
  6. Summary - List comprehension

12 Tuple, set and dict

  1. Tuple
  2. Set
  3. Dict basics
  4. Dict methods
  5. Dict comprehension
  6. Summary - Tuple, set and dict

13 Functions

  1. def
  2. return
  3. Docstring
  4. Default parameters
  5. *args and **kwargs
  6. Summary - Functions

14 Function parameters

  1. Positional parameters
  2. Keyword parameters
  3. Keyword-only
  4. Positional-only
  5. Type hints basics
  6. Summary - Function parameters

15 Project: To-do CLI

  1. Task model
  2. Adding tasks
  3. Listing tasks
  4. Completing tasks
  5. Putting it together

16 Advanced string methods

  1. split and join
  2. strip, lstrip, rstrip
  3. replace
  4. find and index
  5. startswith, endswith
  6. Summary - Advanced strings

17 Input and output

  1. input()
  2. int/float conversion
  3. print parameters
  4. f-string formatting
  5. sys.argv
  6. Summary - Input and output

18 Error handling

  1. try/except
  2. else and finally
  3. raise
  4. Exception hierarchy
  5. Custom exceptions
  6. Summary - Error handling

19 Modules

  1. import
  2. from import
  3. as alias
  4. __name__ == '__main__'
  5. Standard library
  6. Summary - Modules

20 Beginner final

  1. Project design
  2. Data model
  3. Business logic
  4. Error handling
  5. Putting it together