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Project design

Design the intermediate final skeleton.

Project: Word processing app

In this five-lesson intermediate final you will build a word processing app that combines everything you have learned. In the first lesson you define a word list and print its length.

In later lessons you will add layers for functions, generators, file I/O and classes on top of this base. Each lesson adds one piece with a code step; the starting code includes the previous lesson's solution. This shows how a real app grows.

Practice Define and count the word list

Assign ["elma", "armut", "elma"] to words. Then write print(len(words)).

Starter code

main.py
# Word processing - word list
# define the words list and print its length

Sample solution

main.py
words = ["elma", "armut", "elma"]
print(len(words))

Expected output

3

Next step: function layer

The word list is ready. In the next lesson you will add a function layer on top: counting unique words with set. This layer will hold a function that summarises the raw data. Each lesson adds a layer; the starting code carries the previous solution and you write only the new part.

Questions and answers

Review the lesson questions together with their answers. To test yourself, solve the lesson interactively.

1 What will we process in this project?

  • Words Correct answer
  • Images
  • Audio files
  • Video

Explanation: We will process words — counting, generating, reading from files.

2 Complete the word list

Question 
words = ____
Answer 
words = ["elma", "armut", "elma"]

Explanation: You defined a list with three words.

3 Match project concepts

Term Meaning
words Word list
len Count
set Unique
yield Generator

All lessons in Intermediate

1 Classes

  1. class
  2. Attributes
  3. Methods
  4. __init__
  5. __str__ and __repr__
  6. Summary - Classes

2 Inheritance

  1. Inheritance basics
  2. super()
  3. Method overriding
  4. Multiple inheritance
  5. isinstance and issubclass
  6. Summary - Inheritance

3 Project: Helper library

  1. Class design
  2. String helpers
  3. Number helpers
  4. Date helpers
  5. Putting it together

4 Encapsulation

  1. Private attributes
  2. @property
  3. @x.setter
  4. @dataclass
  5. __slots__
  6. Summary - Encapsulation

5 Static and class methods

  1. @staticmethod
  2. @classmethod
  3. Factory pattern
  4. Class variables
  5. Constants
  6. Summary - Static and class methods

6 Magic methods

  1. __eq__ and __lt__
  2. __add__
  3. __len__ and __getitem__
  4. __iter__ and __next__
  5. __contains__
  6. Summary - Magic methods

7 Property and decorator

  1. Decorator basics
  2. Function decorator
  3. @property details
  4. @cached_property
  5. functools.wraps
  6. Summary - Property and decorator

8 Project: Quiz app

  1. Quiz model
  2. Adding questions
  3. Running the quiz
  4. Score calculation
  5. Putting it together

9 Abstract classes

  1. ABC
  2. @abstractmethod
  3. Abstract property
  4. Protocol
  5. Interface vs abstract
  6. Summary - Abstract classes

10 Dataclasses

  1. @dataclass basics
  2. field()
  3. frozen
  4. __post_init__
  5. asdict and astuple
  6. Summary - Dataclasses

11 Project: Blog app

  1. Model design
  2. Blog class
  3. Adding comments
  4. Search and filter
  5. Putting it together

12 File I/O

  1. open
  2. read and readline
  3. write and writelines
  4. with statement
  5. File modes
  6. Summary - File I/O

13 CSV and JSON

  1. csv.reader
  2. csv.writer
  3. DictReader and DictWriter
  4. json.load and dump
  5. json.loads and dumps
  6. Summary - CSV and JSON

14 Pathlib

  1. Path
  2. / operator
  3. exists and is_file
  4. mkdir and rmdir
  5. glob and rglob
  6. Summary - Pathlib

15 Advanced exceptions

  1. Multiple except
  2. except tuple
  3. Exception chaining
  4. except as
  5. traceback
  6. Summary - Advanced exceptions

16 Collections module

  1. Counter
  2. defaultdict
  3. OrderedDict
  4. deque
  5. namedtuple
  6. Summary - Collections

17 Itertools

  1. chain
  2. count and cycle
  3. islice
  4. combinations and permutations
  5. groupby
  6. Summary - Itertools

18 Generators

  1. yield
  2. Generator object
  3. yield from
  4. send and throw
  5. close
  6. Summary - Generators

19 Context managers

  1. with statement
  2. __enter__ and __exit__
  3. @contextmanager
  4. Catching exceptions
  5. ExitStack
  6. Summary - Context managers

20 Intermediate final

  1. Project design
  2. OOP model
  3. Generator layer
  4. File I/O
  5. Putting it together