Logical

Learn boolean logic with and, or, not.

Logical operators

Logical operators combine bool values: and, or, not.

print(True and False)  # False
print(True or False)   # True
print(not True)        # False

and gives True only when both sides are True. or gives True when at least one side is True. not flips the value.

These operators are common in conditions: if age >= 18 and has_id:

Short circuit

Logical operators short circuit: when the result is determined, the other side is not evaluated.

False and expensive()   # expensive not called
True or expensive()      # expensive not called

False and ... is already False, the right side does not run. True or ... is already True, the right side does not run. This is useful for performance and safety.

Exercise Print logical operations

Assign age = 20 and has_id = True. Print print(age >= 18 and has_id).

Show example solution

age = 20
has_id = True
print(age >= 18 and has_id)

Test yourself

Complete the logical operator

print(True ____ False)

Show answer

print(True and False)

What is True or False?
- Error
- False
- True
- None
Show answer

True — or gives True when at least one is True.
Match the logical operators

and

Both True
or

At least one True
not

Flips
True

True

Next lesson: Bitwise

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