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Project with Cargo

Learn to set up a project with cargo new, Cargo.toml and the target folder.

Projects with Cargo

Cargo is Rust's build tool and package manager. It creates new projects, downloads dependencies, builds, runs and tests:

cargo new merhaba     # new project
cd merhaba
cargo run             # build and run
cargo build --release # optimized build
cargo test            # run tests

cargo new creates a Cargo.toml file and src/main.rs.

Cargo.toml

Cargo.toml holds the project's identity and dependencies:

[package]
name = "merhaba"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
rand = "0.8"

The exact versions of dependencies are written to Cargo.lock, so the same versions are used on every machine. Packages are downloaded from crates.io.

Practice Package info

Cargo provides the package name and version as environment variables during the build. Try it with fixed values instead of env!("CARGO_PKG_NAME"): declare let ad = "merhaba"; let surum = "0.1.0"; and print println!("{} v{}", ad, surum);.

Starter code

main.rs
fn main() {
    // buraya yaz
}

Sample solution

main.rs
fn main() {
    let ad = "merhaba";
    let surum = "0.1.0";
    println!("{} v{}", ad, surum);
}

Expected output

merhaba v0.1.0

Questions and answers

Review the lesson questions together with their answers. To test yourself, solve the lesson interactively.

1 What is the difference between <code>cargo build --release</code> and <code>cargo build</code>?

  • --release optimizes; output goes under target/release Correct answer
  • --release runs the tests
  • There is no difference
  • --release publishes the code

Explanation: The default build compiles fast but runs slowly (target/debug); --release compiles slowly but runs much faster.

2 Run

Question 
cargo ____   # builds and runs
Answer 
cargo run   # builds and runs

Explanation: cargo run builds the project and runs the binary right away.

3 Command and role

Term Meaning
cargo new Creates a project
cargo run Builds and runs
cargo test Runs the tests
Cargo.lock Exact versions

All lessons in Beginner

1 Rust basics

  1. What is Rust?
  2. Project with Cargo
  3. Your first program
  4. println! and formatting
  5. Comments
  6. Summary - Rust basics

2 Variables

  1. Variables with let
  2. Mutability with mut
  3. Constants with const
  4. Static variables
  5. Shadowing
  6. Summary - Variables

3 Data types

  1. Integers
  2. Floating point
  3. Bool and char
  4. Tuple
  5. Array
  6. Summary - Data types

4 Strings

  1. &str vs String
  2. Creating a String
  3. Concatenating strings
  4. format! macro
  5. String length
  6. Summary - Strings

5 Project: Calculator

  1. Project skeleton
  2. Reading input
  3. Computing
  4. Error handling
  5. Loop and exit

6 Functions

  1. Defining with fn
  2. Parameters
  3. Return value
  4. Expressions and statements
  5. Early return
  6. Summary - Functions

7 Control flow

  1. if-else
  2. match basics
  3. loop
  4. while loop
  5. for loop
  6. Summary - Control flow

8 Ownership

  1. What is ownership?
  2. Move semantics
  3. Copy trait
  4. Functions and ownership
  5. Return and ownership
  6. Summary - Ownership

9 Borrowing

  1. References
  2. Mutable reference
  3. Borrowing rules
  4. Dangling reference
  5. References and functions
  6. Summary - Borrowing

10 Slices

  1. String slices
  2. Slice syntax
  3. Array slices
  4. Slices and functions
  5. Range types
  6. Summary - Slices

11 Project: Guessing game

  1. Game skeleton
  2. Reading input
  3. Comparing numbers
  4. Random number
  5. Loop and exit

12 Structs

  1. Struct definition
  2. Creating an instance
  3. Tuple struct
  4. Unit-like struct
  5. Field update
  6. Summary - Structs

13 Methods

  1. impl block
  2. self parameter
  3. &mut self
  4. Associated functions
  5. Multiple impl blocks
  6. Summary - Methods

14 Enums

  1. Enum definition
  2. Variants
  3. Variants with data
  4. Option<T>
  5. Option instead of null
  6. Summary - Enums

15 Pattern matching

  1. match patterns
  2. Value binding
  3. if let
  4. while let
  5. _ wildcard
  6. Summary - Pattern matching

16 Project: To-do CLI

  1. Task model
  2. Adding
  3. Listing
  4. Marking done
  5. Reading commands

17 Vectors

  1. Vec<T>
  2. Push and pop
  3. Index and get
  4. Looping a vector
  5. with_capacity
  6. Summary - Vectors

18 Advanced strings

  1. String and &str conversion
  2. chars and bytes
  3. Slicing strings
  4. contains and replace
  5. split and join
  6. Summary - Advanced strings

19 Error handling

  1. Result<T, E>
  2. panic!
  3. ? operator
  4. match and Result
  5. unwrap and expect
  6. Summary - Error handling

20 Beginner final

  1. Vowel counter
  2. Average calculator
  3. Bank account
  4. Temperature converter