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RETURN

Return a value.

RETURN

RETURN sends a value back from a function. Written at the end of the body.

CREATE FUNCTION square(n INT)
RETURNS INT
LANGUAGE SQL
AS $$
  SELECT n * n;
$$;

This query returns the square of n.

The function square is created. The expression n * n is evaluated and returned.

RETURN — details

In SQL functions the last SELECT is returned automatically. PL/pgSQL uses RETURN.

LANGUAGE SQL functions are short because they are a single query; if you need IF or loops you write a PL/pgSQL function and return the value with RETURN.

Practice RETURN

Create a square function: return SELECT n * n.

Starter code

query.sql
-- square function
CREATE FUNCTION square

Sample solution

query.sql
CREATE FUNCTION square(n INT)
RETURNS INT
LANGUAGE SQL
AS $$
  SELECT n * n;
$$;

Expected output

Function oluşturuldu

Questions and answers

Review the lesson questions together with their answers. To test yourself, solve the lesson interactively.

1 RETURN: match the terms

Term Meaning
RETURN return
last SELECT automatic
body AS
value result

2 Add n * n

Question 
  SELECT ____
Answer 
  SELECT n * n

Explanation: The function returns the result of its last SELECT; n * n computes the square.

3 What does an SQL function return?

  • The first SELECT
  • RETURN
  • None
  • The last SELECT Correct answer

Explanation: An SQL function returns the last SELECT.

All lessons in Advanced

1 CTE

  1. What is a CTE?
  2. Using WITH
  3. Multiple CTEs
  4. CTE vs subquery
  5. CTE with JOIN
  6. Summary - CTE

2 Recursive CTE

  1. What is a recursive CTE?
  2. Anchor and recursive parts
  3. Walk a hierarchy
  4. Tracking depth
  5. Stopping recursion
  6. Summary - Recursive CTE

3 Window functions

  1. What is a window function?
  2. ROW_NUMBER
  3. RANK and DENSE_RANK
  4. LAG and LEAD
  5. PARTITION BY
  6. Summary - Window functions

4 Project: Analytics report

  1. Analytics design
  2. CTE summary
  3. Top users with ROW_NUMBER
  4. Growth with LAG
  5. Final report

5 Pivot and unpivot

  1. What is pivot?
  2. Pivot with CASE
  3. FILTER clause
  4. Unpivot
  5. Dynamic pivot
  6. Summary - Pivot

6 Materialized view

  1. What is a materialized view?
  2. CREATE
  3. REFRESH
  4. View vs materialized view
  5. Index on materialized views
  6. Summary - Materialized view

7 Stored procedure

  1. What is a procedure?
  2. CREATE PROCEDURE
  3. Parameters
  4. CALL
  5. Control flow
  6. Summary - Stored procedure

8 Function

  1. What is a function?
  2. CREATE FUNCTION
  3. RETURN
  4. Calling a function
  5. Function vs procedure
  6. Summary - Function

9 Trigger

  1. What is a trigger?
  2. BEFORE and AFTER
  3. INSERT trigger
  4. UPDATE trigger
  5. Write an audit trigger
  6. Summary - Trigger

10 Transaction isolation

  1. What is isolation?
  2. READ UNCOMMITTED
  3. READ COMMITTED
  4. REPEATABLE READ
  5. SERIALIZABLE
  6. Summary - Isolation

11 Locking

  1. What is a lock?
  2. Shared and exclusive locks
  3. Deadlock
  4. SELECT FOR UPDATE
  5. Lock timeout
  6. Summary - Locking

12 Query optimization

  1. What is EXPLAIN?
  2. Seq scan vs index scan
  3. Cost
  4. Sargable
  5. N+1 problem
  6. Summary - Optimization

13 Partitioning

  1. What is partitioning?
  2. Range partition
  3. List partition
  4. Hash partition
  5. Partition pruning
  6. Summary - Partitioning

14 Advanced final

  1. Hierarchy report
  2. Window analysis
  3. Procedure and trigger
  4. Optimization