Namespace vs module

Learn the difference between namespace and module.

Namespace vs module

A namespace groups related code under a name in the global scope. A module is file-based; each file has its own scope and connects via import/export. Modules are recommended for new projects; namespaces are an older pattern.

// namespace pattern (legacy)
namespace Hesap {
  export function topla(a, b) { return a + b; }
}

// module pattern (modern)
// file: hesap.ts
export function topla(a, b) { return a + b; }

When to use a namespace?

Namespaces are still useful when porting legacy JavaScript libraries to TypeScript or for single-file utilities. But for a modern project spanning multiple files, modules are more appropriate; they provide per-file independent scope and explicit dependency declarations.

Exercise Legacy-pattern library header

Using the object pattern that is the compiled equivalent of a namespace structure, define an object named Kutuphane. It should have methods ekle(): string and sil(): string; ekle returns "eklendi", sil returns "silindi". Call them from outside as Kutuphane.ekle and Kutuphane.sil, printing the results on separate lines.

Show example solution

const Kutuphane = {
  ekle(): string {
    return "eklendi";
  },
  sil(): string {
    return "silindi";
  }
};
console.log(Kutuphane.ekle());
console.log(Kutuphane.sil());

Test yourself

What is the recommended code organization for a new TypeScript project?
- A single large namespace in one file
- File-based module usage
- Only global variables
- No organization at all
Show answer

File-based module usage — For new projects, file-based module usage is recommended. Namespaces are a legacy pattern; global variables and no organization are bad practice.

Declare a namespace

____ Hesap {
  export function topla(a: number, b: number): number {
    return a + b;
  }
}

Show answer

namespace Hesap {
  export function topla(a: number, b: number): number {
    return a + b;
  }
}

Namespace and module comparison

namespace Ad { }

Global scope grouping
import { } from "./mod"

File-based import
Ad.üye

Namespace member access
her dosya kendi kapsamında

Module encapsulation rule

Next lesson: Summary - Namespaces

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